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Spain leaves the extreme risk of coronavirus and will address a new surveillance strategy

Spain has come out of the extreme risk of coronavirus transmission by dropping below 500 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (486), although the total number of deaths already exceeds 100,000. This scenario poses a change in the epidemiological surveillance strategy that will be analyzed on March 10 with the autonomous communities in Zaragoza.

The celebration of the Mobile Word Congress in Barcelona, a reflection of the recovery of normality due to the pandemic. EFE/Enric Fontcuberta

The average number of infections in Spain reached the extreme or very high risk of coronavirus transmission on December 17 and continued to rise until reaching the peak of the sixth wave on Friday, January 21, with 3,418 cases per 100,000 inhabitants after the outbreak of the omicron variant.

After the meeting this afternoon of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System, the Minister of Health, Carolina Darias, at a press conference, considered that Spain is “on the right track” and that for that reason the new scenarios must be analyzed epidemiological.

Thus, Darias has announced the holding on March 10 of a meeting in Zaragoza of the Government with the autonomous communities and epidemiological experts to address the global health surveillance strategy and the transition to a new model “jointly” throughout the national territory and in coordination with the European Union.

Asked if there has been a debate about eliminating the mandatory nature of masks indoors (it is no longer mandatory outdoors) and if the proposal to start by removing them in schools, as proposed by Catalonia and Andalusia, has been discussed, the minister has forwarded to the meeting on March 10 in Zaragoza.

“When we go together we advance further, we must work in a rhythmic manner to take firm steps forward”, he added.

The Ministry of Health has decided to change the periodicity, now from Monday to Friday, of the national epidemiological evolution reports. Thus, the vaccination report will be given one day a week from the next and the incidence, infections, deaths and hospital occupation will be issued two days a week from March 14.

The data

The cumulative incidence it has dropped 29 points since yesterday from 515 to 486 cases per 100,000.

Above this extreme risk of transmission of the virus are Galicia, the Canary Islands and Murcia with more than 700 cases; Catalonia and the Basque Country with more than 600 and with more than 500, Aragón, Asturias, Cantabria, Castilla y León, Extremadura and Navarra.

With less incidence: Melilla (246); Castilla-La Mancha (274), Andalusia (291) and Madrid (297).

By age bracketsthe group between 12 and 19 years old has the highest incidence (742), followed by those between 20 and 29 years old (620).

Health has reported 18,803 infections since yesterday, the lowest daily figure in recent weeks.

Since the start of the pandemic in Spain there are already 11,054,888 coronavirus infections on record.

The positivity rate of diagnostic tests it continues to fall to 17.06%, a few tenths less than yesterday.

Despite the decline in all indicators, the death toll remains high and, since records have been available since the start of the pandemic, 100,037 have been reached this Wednesday, after the 154 most reported since yesterday.

The ucis they are at 9.8% bed occupancy with 902 patients, although they are still at high risk (between 10% and 5%).

In Spanish hospitals, on the ward and ICU, there are 6,188 covid patients (4.9% occupancy) and in a low risk situation (from 5% to 2% of occupied beds).

Vaccines

In total there are 39,062,167 citizens91% of the population over 12 years of age, with the full course of the covid vaccine.

In addition, 24.1 million people have already received the booster dose, 50.9% of the general population.

57.5% of children between 5 and 11 years old (1.8 million out of 3.2 million) have received at least one dose and 19% already have the complete schedule since the campaign started on December 15 pediatric vaccination.

Spain offers 5,000 hospital beds to Ukraine

Spain has offered Ukraine, in the midst of the war over the invasion of Russia, 5,000 hospital beds in all the autonomous communities and medical supplies, medicines and respirators in coordination with the European Union.

The Spanish contribution exceeds that of the surrounding European countries in a gesture of “solidarity” with Ukraine in “times of difficulty and unity”, announced the Minister of Health.

The EOM warns of risk in 18 polling stations in Barranquilla - Elections 2022

On Barranquilla there are 18 polling stations that present electoral risk
consolidated, which is equivalent to 14% of all polling stations in the city and represents an electoral potential of about 164,000 votes.

(Also: This is how the campaigns for peace seats in the Caribbean move)

The warning was launched in the last few hours by the Atlantic regional coordinator of the Electoral Observation Mission (EOM), Jorge Hernandez Hayek.

“It is necessary for the authorities to take the pertinent measures now to prevent irregularities from occurring and electoral crimes from being committed in these polling stations that present a consolidated risk or in their surroundings,” Hernández said.

(Read: The Kitesurf World Cup will move about $ 1,000 million in the Atlantic)

Similarly, Hernandez affirmed that “from the MOE we make a call to the citizens
to report any irregularity or electoral crime of which you are aware to WhatsApp 3152661969 and to our website “Batteries with the Vote” (https://www.pilasconelvoto.com/), and also to vote freely and without selling your vote”.

The 18 voting positions that present consolidated electoral risk for the 2022 Congress elections are the following:

Simón Bolívar Liberator District Educational Center (Street 106 with Cra. 85) Potential: 8,574. Tables: 24
Don Bosco Social Center (cra 30 # 17-98) Potential: 19,689. Tables: 56
Camilo Torres School (cra. 35 # 51b-37) Potential 3,708. Tables: 11
Penie Christian Collegel (Clle 107 # 12f-25) Potential: 8,928. Tables: 26
Jorge Nicolas Abello School (Clle 58 cra 25) Potential: 20,103. Tables: 57
Jose Raimundo Sojo School (cra 9j calle 78 Dg) Potential: 1,148. Tables: 4
San Carlos Borromeo School (Clle 112 and # 22-10) Potential 3,965. Tables: 12
Miguel Angel Builes School (cra 2f # 50d-27) Potential: 12,187. Tables: 35
El Litoral Corporation (headquarters 1 cra.42f # 79-110) Potential: 1,808. Tables: 6
Higher Normal School La Hacienda (cra 35 # 72-35) Potential: 14,902. Tables: 43
José Consuegra District Education Institution Higgins (66th Street # 1f – 22) Potential: 13,037. Tables: 37
José María Vélez District Educational Institution (headquarters 2 calle 70c # 10-25) Potential: 12,207. Tables: 35
La Concepción District Education Institution (cra 70 # 77a-27) Potential: 800. Tables: 3
La Victoria District Education Institution (cra 10c #45-46) Potential: 3,849. Table: 11
Sonia Ahumada District Education Institution (cra 12a # 94-75) Potential 9,176. Tables: 26
District Education Institution headquarters and primary school cra 26 # 56 a -17) Potential: 8,653. Tables: 25
District Education Institution (main headquarters headquarters ii calle 64 # 24 b -82) Potential 5,408. Tables: 16
District Education Institution Las Mercedes (San Pablo cra 12 e # 107 -05) Potential: 9,047 Tables: 26

This is how the risk was determined at each polling station

The consolidated risk for the 2022 elections in the District of Barranquilla is obtained from the calculation of risk in five variables:
A) risk due to high electoral dominance, B) risk due to the number of unmarked ballots, C) risk due to a high number of null votes and D) risk due to high electoral participation, and E) risk due to low electoral participation in the last three elections at Congress of the republic.

(Be sure to read: Pensioners who buy a house in Barranquilla apply for property tax exemption)

These variables were the ones taken into account in the study called “Electional risk factors Barranquilla elections 2022”, carried out by researchers from the northern University, Angel Tuirán Sarmiento and Ana Naranajo Cortésand designed and financed by the Atlantic MOE.

BARRANQUILLA

Rains in Medellin: 9 points in risk areas are attended - Medellin - Colombia

The urban and uncontrolled growth in Medellín caused many neighborhoods to become high mountain areas and risk of flooding or mass movements.

Thus, when there are heavy rains, there are certain sectors that suffer more than others and where evacuations and attention to critical points are recurrent.

The Medellin mayor’s office identified nine places which he described as “critical points” in which it carries out risk mitigation works.

“These are sectors that suffered damage to the public space as a result of the heavy rains and for which the declaration of manifest urgency was necessary, thus guaranteeing the resources for attention,” reported Natalia Urrego, Secretary of Infrastructure.

These areas are: Manrique La Honda, La Cuchilla village, El Llano village, La Asomadera, Santo Domingo Savio (Popular), Buenos Aires, El Pingüino (Santa Elena), Monteverde (Altavista), El Vergel village (San Antonio de Prado) .

(You may be interested: This is the peak and environmental plate that governs Medellín)

Mitigation actions were also carried out in the corregimiento of San Cristóbal

Photo:

Medellin’s town hall

The investment for these works exceeds $35,700 million and, of the nine points identified, the works have already been completed in the first three and have already been delivered to the community.

Among the actions are: the reconstruction of roads and platforms, the construction of bridges, retaining walls and drainage systems for the management of rainwater.

“In the case of the corregimientos, specifically in San Cristóbal, we are also generating competitiveness and opening new opportunities for farmers to offer their products,” added Urrego.

In this corregimiento, in the village of La Cuchilla, a bridge was built to reduce the risk of landslides in the area, 480 meters of road were improved and retaining walls were built.

Also in San Cristóbal, El Llano village, an area of 5,120 square meters was renovated, 828 meters of track were recovered, a geological fault in the ground was corrected and retaining walls were built to prevent future emergencies.

(We recommend you read: The Silleteros Parade 2022 in Medellín will return to the streets)

In Manrique La Honda, where the manifest urgency had been decreed after the winter caused damage to the road, platforms and some homes, the official explained that pipes were installed there and activities were carried out to channel water; Piles and retaining walls were built to stabilize the land and platforms and tracks were recovered.

“We have been waiting for these jobs for a long time. For us it was very important to channel this stream because the water entered our house. The improvement of the road also helps us a lot, especially for me who has a sister with a disability and now we can move better”, said Orlando Santa María, a resident of the neighborhood.

The mayor’s office indicated that the remaining work fronts already exceed 60% of execution.

MEDELLIN

War Puts Billions of Dollars in Ukraine-China Trade at Risk

San Francisco —

Prolonged fighting with Russia puts at risk billions of dollars in economic ties between the target country, Ukraine, and its top trading partner, China, experts say.

If the Russian invasion endures, a 3-year-old deal by Chinese networking giant Huawei to install 4G wireless services in the Kyiv metro system will go on hold, and massive agricultural shipments will slow, said Dexter Roberts, U.S.-based author of “The Myth of Chinese Capitalism.”

Russia and Ukraine also do a brisk aerospace and defense trade that began with the delivery of China’s first aircraft carrier in the late 1990s.

“If the war goes on, then construction on the metro in Kyiv is going to stop, opportunities for Huawei and putting in the telecoms will stop. Even getting grains and things like iron ore out of the Ukraine will become a problem. So that’s just sort of on the physical challenge of trying to run an economy and do trade in a war situation,” Roberts said.

Russia began a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine on Thursday. A day later, Chinese media outlets reported that Chinese President Xi Jinping suggested to Russian President Vladimir Putin that Russia and Ukraine solve their dispute through negotiation.

Billions in annual trade

The Ukraine-China trade turnover grew in 2017 to $7.69 billion and reached $8.82 billion in the first 11 months of 2018, according to Ukraine’s Ministry of Economic Affairs website. The two sides set a goal in 2019 of $10 billion per year, the ministry says.

China became Ukraine’s biggest trading partner in 2019, according to data gathered by the Ukrainian law firm Crane IP. Analysts estimate today’s two-way trade between $10 billion and $20 billion annually.

Chinese investments in Ukraine total about $150 million per year, said Yan Liang, professor and endowed chair of economics at Willamette University in the U.S. state of Oregon. She said the investments include a wind power plant, agricultural projects and transport infrastructure.

A Chinese consortium agreed in 2017 to build a fourth line for the same metro system where Huawei is installing 4G.

China sells machinery and consumer goods to Ukraine and has an overall trade surplus, Roberts said. He called Chinese trade “very important for Ukraine.”

Ukraine also exports commodities to China, such as corn, barley and sunflower oil. About one-third of China’s corn comes from Ukraine. China orders nuclear reactor parts from Ukraine too, said Yun Sun, director of the China program at the Stimson Center in Washington.

China has also been eyeing Ukraine’s aerospace industry. Beijing Skyrizon Aviation, part of a Chinese state-owned aerospace manufacturer, had tried to acquire a controlling stake in Motor Sich, a Ukrainian producer of plane and helicopter engines. However, a court in Kyiv stopped the deal last year. Ukrainian state security service Chairman Ivan Bakanov described Motor Sich in a statement as “a matter of national security.”

The case is now in an international tribunal, where Beijing Skyrizon Aviation is seeking $4.5 billion in compensation from the Ukrainian government for the failed deal.

Impacts of warfare

China may become an even more significant trading partner of Ukraine if Russia takes over and installs a pro-Moscow government, Yun said, because Ukraine would then fall under Western sanctions that have emerged this week. U.S. President Joe Biden already announced a cut in Western financing to Russia on Thursday.

“China will be one of the few options left,” Yun said.

Ukrainian officials will hope to keep the trade doors open if they stay independent of Russian rule after the invasion, she added. “If the question is, will Ukraine stop selling things to China because of China’s unwillingness to punish Russia, I think the answer is going to be no because China is such a large client and these are economic transactions,” Yun said.

After the war ends, China will still see Ukraine as a “strategic location” for its economic interests regardless of who runs the government in Kyiv, Liang said. Long-term Chinese investments such as power plants will pick up again after peace is restored, she predicted.

“I think just from an economic point of view, China and Ukraine’s trade (to) a great extent is supplementary, so China will be more than willing to trade with this big European food producer,” Liang added. “On the other hand, Ukraine needs China’s manufactured goods.”

Three Autonomous Communities and Melilla come out of the extreme risk of transmission and 301 more deaths are reported

There are already three communities and one autonomous city that have left the area of extreme risk of coronavirus transmission (less than 500 cases per 100,000): Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha, Community of Madrid and Melilla. The Ministry of Health has reported 301 more deaths and 33,911 infections since yesterday.

Terraces in Valencia. EFE/Biel Aliño

The 14-day cumulative incidence has dropped 58.5 points since Tuesday to 676 cases per 100,000 inhabitants on average, still an extreme risk of transmission in the whole of Spain.

The community with the highest accumulated incidence and the only one that exceeds a thousand infections is Galicia (1,126), while Andalusia (390), Castilla-La Mancha (433) and Madrid (476) are below 500 cases, high risk of transmission.

By age bracketsthe incidence was low in all groups, with 12 to 19 year-olds leading the way with 1,030 cases, followed by 20 to 29 with 820 and under 11 with 775 cases.

Deaths: 301 deaths

One more day the Ministry of Health has notified a high number of deaths, 301, after yesterday there were 173 and 464 last Monday, although there may be delays in notifications by the autonomous communities.

The death toll during the sixth wave, which began just over four months ago, amounts to 12,019.

The total number of deaths since records are available in this pandemic is 98,936.

The infections: 33,911

Health It has reported 33,911 infections since yesterday, a figure somewhat higher than that of Tuesday, 22,194, although far from the more than 300,000 that were reached after a weekend at the peak of the sixth wave.

Since the start of the pandemic in Spain, there are already 10,914,105 confirmed cases of coronavirus.

The positivity rate of diagnostic tests it continues to fall to 20.35%, four tenths less than yesterday.

Hospital occupancy continues to decline

The ICUs are at 12.52% bed occupancy with 1,162 patients, 23 less since yesterday although still at high risk (between 10 and 5%).

All the autonomous communities are below the extreme risk of occupation (25%). Catalonia and Aragon have 22% occupancy, while Galicia stands at 3.2%, in a new normality.

In Spanish hospitals, on the ward and ICU, there are 8,258 covid patients (6.6% occupancy), 601 fewer patients than last Friday and in a situation of medium risk (from 5% to 10% of occupied beds).

In the last 24 hours, 732 people have been admitted due to covid and 1,253 have been discharged.

Vaccines

In total there are 38,398,979 citizens, 91% of the population over 12 years of age, with the full schedule of the covid vaccine.

In addition, 23.9 million people have already received the booster dose, 50.5% of the general population.

57% of children aged 5 to 11 years (1.8 million out of 3.2 million) have received at least one dose and 15.8% already have the complete schedule since the campaign started on December 15 pediatric vaccination.

Santa Marta lives risk of water shortage - Other Cities - Colombia

The current dry season has caused the Manzanares, Piedras and Gaira rivers, which supply the drinking water treatment plants of Santa Marta, to register a significant decrease in levels close to 50 percent. This fact generates a low water supply for the provision of the aqueduct service.

Although the provision of the service to users has not yet been totally affected, the public service company, Essmar, has already activated a care protocol to avoid a critical Depletion, like the one that has been held in previous years in the city.

(See: Puppy spent three days waiting outside the hospital for his sick owner)

Essmar’s plan is to improve the response capacity of the aqueduct system and mitigate the impacts of drought on samarian homes.

Among the actions contemplated in the action protocol are the prioritization of the rational use of water campaign; availability of a fleet of tanker vehicles during 24 hours; articulated visits with the communities and Corpamag in the catchment area of the Gaira river and control against illegal connections.

Likewise, seven drinking water loading points will be set up for tank trucks, in order to increase – if required – the volume supplied to users and communities.

(See: Woman stabbed her husband to death in the heart in Santa Marta)

In the same way, the execution of cleaning brigades in the intakes was planned and supply schedules will be implemented for the communities dependent on water from the adduction lines to increase the volume of input to the Mamatoco plant.

The installations of pumps in catchments of the rivers were also announced. Apple orchards and Stones.

Faced with these actions, special agent Yahaira Díaz Quesada assured that “the strength and articulation of the entities and the community allows us to find concrete actions to arrive in an effective and forceful way to mitigate the situations that arise in the face of the drought season ”.

ROGER URIEL
Special for WEATHER
SANTA MARTA

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Breast cancer: modifiable risk factors

For example, there is insufficient evidence to support that green tea reduces the risk of breast cancer and there is limited evidence that the consumption of foods containing carotenoids as well as foods rich in calcium reduce the risk of breast cancer.

As for soy, as a source of isoflavones, it has components with weak estrogenic activity, “which leads to controversy about its effects, given the relationship between estrogens and breast cancer.”

All these observations are included in the Manual of Breast Pathology for Primary Care, powered by Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC), the Spanish Society of General and Family Physicians (SEMG) and the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (Semerge).

In the work, which seeks, among other things, to improve training in breast pathology at both levels of care and to coordinate patient care more effectively, 23 specialists in Surgery, 23 specialists in Primary Care, 4 specialists in Gynaecology, two Nursing professionals and a specialist in Radiology.

EFEsalud collects here part of the chapter dedicated to the modifiable factors of breast cancer, prepared by the specialists Ana Patricia ArlandisIsabel Sierra Fernandez and Elizabeth Sanchez Clarosthe three from the Breast Pathology Unit of Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (Lleida).

Breast cancer: modifiable risk factors

According to the authors, factors such as overweight and obesity, alcohol, physical inactivity and inadequate diet will increase or decrease the risk of cancer depending on the woman’s hormonal moment.

These are some of the key ideas in relation to obesity and diet:

Obesity/muscle mass index
Industrial foods have induced a change in diet in developed countries, which has caused an increase in the rate of overweight.

Muscle mass index (BMI) is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, especially in Caucasian patients. For every 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the risk of breast cancer increases by 12%.

In the postmenopausalthe sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is decreased, so free estrogens are increased by 50-100% due to increased activity of aromatase, responsible for transforming fatty tissue into estrogens.

This leads to an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who did not receive hormone therapy, which is 1.5 times greater than in women of normal weight.

Those who have experienced a weight gain of 25 kg or more since the age of 18 have an increased risk of breast cancer compared to those who have maintained the weight.

Likewise, those who have not used hormonal treatment, who lose 10 kg or more of weight since menopause, and who maintain this loss, have a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer.

Diet

The diet of industrialized society is characterized by the excessive consumption of hyper-transformed foods, which, together with a sedentary lifestyle, causes overweight that induces many chronic and neoplastic diseases.

There are not many studies that compare the incidence of breast cancer with different types of diet and most are observational, so they are subject to biases that make it difficult to interpret the observation.

In any case, it is known that weight gain and obesity, which are usually directly related to diet, increase the risk of breast cancer.

On the other hand, the composition of the diet could have a greater influence during adolescence and early adulthood.

Thus they highlight that:

– There is a relationship between consumption of animal fats and breast cancer: more than five intakes of red meat per week in youth is associated with a relative increase in breast cancer of 1.22 in premenopause and postmenopause, compared with the intake of poultry, fish, legumes and nuts .

– It has not been shown that a strict Mediterranean diet influences the risk of breast cancer, although some studies affirm that such a diet characterized by the use of oils of vegetable origin (such as extra virgin olive oil EVOO), intake of fruits, vegetables, monounsaturated fats, omega 3 fats, sugars from fiber and cereals, in which the proteins come from fish and legumes, causes a 15% decrease in the incidence of breast cancer.

This benefit could be included in women with less physical activity.

– There are very limited data to suggest that the consumption of non-starchy vegetables (tomato, lettuce, onion, spinach, cucumber, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, mushrooms, etc.) decrease breast cancer RH-.

Some studies suggest that women with low levels of vitamin D have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

They also note:

– There is insufficient evidence to support that the Green Tea reduce the risk of breast cancer.

– There is limited evidence that the consumption of foods containing carotenoids as well as foods rich in calcium decrease the risk of breast cancer.

– The soyas a source of isoflavones, has components with weak estrogenic activity, which leads to controversy about its effects, given the relationship between estrogens and breast cancer.

However, it has been proven that it can have an anticancer and antioxidant effect, that it induces apoptosis and decreases angiogenesis.

Studies are underway to elucidate this aspect.

Infographic of the Manual of Breast Pathology for Primary Care

Healthy life style

The three specialists recommend a healthy life style Passing by:

– Maintain a healthy body mass index (BMI) and prevent weight gain after menopause.

– In women who are overweight or obese, it is recommended to lose weight.

– Limit sedentary behaviors.

– Carry out moderate-intense physical exercise spread over 3-5 days a week (150 minutes a week of moderate exercise, 75 minutes a week intense, or both).

– Limit the alcohol consumption and avoid it especially in young women before the first pregnancy.

– In smokers, it is recommended reduce or eliminate smokingof particular importance in young people before the first pregnancy, as in the case of alcohol.

– It is recommended the Breastfeeding as far as possible.

– Limit the use of hormone replacement therapy.

– Avoid processed meats, limit the consumption of red meat and foods with high salt content. Promote protein intake from poultry, oily fish, legumes and nuts.

– Limit food high calorie and avoid sugary drinks.

– A Mediterranean diet is recommended, rich in fruits, non-starchy vegetables, cereals, legumes and extra virgin olive oil.

Manual of Breast Pathology for Primary Care

In the Western world, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Its incidence grows every year and its age of onset is advanced. In addition, benign breast disease is very common in our population.

Currently, and as indicated in the introduction to the manual, this type of cancer has a great social relevance thanks to public awareness campaigns on the importance of early diagnosis and screening programs, which entails a greater commitment on the part of patients in the active search for signs and symptoms of the disease and, consequently, the demand for early health care before its appearance.

The manual, so, propose a change of roles in these two care levels, in which both the new information technologies as the healthcare information play an important rolein order to improve the accessibility of patients to the health system, reduce waiting times in all phases of the process, provide comprehensive management of breast pathology taking into account the psychological and socio-family aspects, and facilitate complete rehabilitation and the return to normal life of patients after treatment.

On the occasion of its publication, the coordinator of the Breast Section of the AEC, Sonia Rivas-Fidalgo has considered that the Primary Care doctor «plays a fundamental role not only in the early diagnosis of breast pathology, but also in the follow-up once the oncological treatments have finished, in the identification of social or psychological needs, in the identification of high-risk women and in promoting healthy lifestyles.

Also the doctor Fatima Santolaya Sardineroof the Oncology Working Group of the Spanish Society of General and Family Physicians, SEMG has reported that one of the fundamental actions of Primary Care is to carry out a set of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, follow-up and care activities, aimed at Comprehensive management of people who present clinical signs/symptoms or diagnostic imaging test findings suspicious for malignancy, or in whom an increased risk for breast cancer is detected.

Finally, the coordinator of the Semergen Women’s Care working group, the Dr. Ana Rosa Jurado has pointed out that once again, and at a time of unprecedented care overload, the Primary Care professionals who have participated in the preparation of this Manual «have shown that the priority is the quality of care for users of the National Health System, on this occasion from the training, the advice and the work of consensus that have made the elaboration of this work possible».

Obesity, a risk factor for severe covid

Obesity is one of the factors that influence covid-19 to develop seriously. A group of Spanish scientists has discovered the mechanisms involved in this relationship and proposes a biomarker, through a blood test, that can detect this risk

The research, led by the Obesity and Nutrition Network Biomedical Research Center (Ciberobn), focuses on the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients and on the ACE2 gene, which, in addition to functioning as a gateway for the SARS- CoV-2, is involved in inflammatory processes in the body.

An overweight person “usually” has the ACE2 gene less expressed in adipose tissue and, when infected, those levels decrease even more, which can make them more susceptible to the cytokine storm with which the body responds in occasions before the coronavirus and that aggravates the disease.

This is how Ana Belén Crujeiras, a Ciberobn researcher at the Santiago de Compostela Health Research Institute (IDIS) and leader of the research, explains it to Efe.

The team focused on the so-called methylation marks, a fundamental epigenetic mechanism in the regulation of gene expression and how they work.

This mechanism consists of chemical marks that are added to DNA in response to factors such as the environment, diet, physical activity, exposure to toxins or psychological state.

If DNA has been described as the “book of life, made up of a large succession of combined letters”, Crujeiras explains that the methylation marks would be the spelling.

A comma in the right place makes the body work correctly, but in the wrong place it can change the meaning of the sentence and lead to the development of diseases.

The interesting thing about these methylation marks, he says, is that, unlike genetic mutations, they can be reversed, for example, by going from a bad diet to a healthy one.

The team studied ACE2 in the adipose tissue of obese patients and others with normal weight, to verify that in the former it had “high levels of these methylation marks”.

Patients who were treated for weight loss on a very low-calorie ketogenic diet or a balanced low-calorie diet later had levels of methylation markers similar to people of normal weight.

ACE2 is involved in inflammatory processes in the body and, when highly activated, triggers anti-inflammatory mechanisms that exert a protective action in the body.

However, when a gene has high methylation marks, as occurs with ACE2 in overweight people, its expression generally decreases, Crujeiras details.

A person with obesity is in a chronic low-grade inflammatory state and, if the action of the ACE2 gene is also reduced, it will cause the inflammation to be greater after the covid-19 infection.

Crujeiras points out that this possibility “correlates perfectly with the results observed in visceral adipose tissue” and its implication in the development of other obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes or cancer.

The expert indicates that the methylation marks could be a biomarker to know the risk of a person with obesity to suffer from severe covid-19, since the same pattern observed in adipose tissue has been seen in leukocytes and can be detected with a sample minimally. blood invasive.

The study has been carried out in collaboration, among others, with the Biomedical Research Institutes of Malaga (IBIMA) and Girona (IdIBGi); the Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdIsBa); Lucio Lascaray and Bioaraba from Vitoria; the Health Research Institute of the University of Navarra (IdisNA) and the Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Center of the University of Valladolid.

The researchers Andrea G. Izquierdo (I) and Ana Belén Crujeiras (D) are the main authors of the research. EFE/Photo courtesy of Ciberobn

Elections 2022: The municipalities of Antioquia at risk of violence - Elections 2022

With 5,066,000 citizens eligible to vote, Antioquia has the greatest voting potential in the country.

This was confirmed by the National Registrar, Alexander Rocha, who assured that, in addition, for these elections to Congress and consultations on March 13there is another aspect that can affect the departmental public order.

“Antioquia has four districts of peace, which makes it a department with public order problems, but we trust that the Ágora Plan can reach these municipalities and that Antioquia vote calmly,” said the Registrar.

Said plan was presented during the installation of the Departmental Table for Electoral Guarantees on February 9 in Antioquia.

There, the Minister of the Interior, Diego Palacios, explained that said plan will be responsible for ensuring security in the territories, for which more than 100,000 men will be available in the country’s at-risk areas.

“In Antioquia we have prioritized 13 municipalities, in which we will work hand in hand with the Army and the National Police to guarantee the security of those territories. Likewise, we have made progress in ensuring that more than 60% of the candidates for peace seats have a protection scheme,” the Minister specified.

(You may be interested in: The jump from the protest in the streets to the Chamber of Antioquia)

In Antioquia we have prioritized 13 municipalities, in which we will work hand in hand with the Army and the National Police to guarantee the security of those territories

The prioritized municipalities in the department are: El Bagre, Tarazá, Valdivia, Anorí, Ituango, Cáceres, Caucasia, Nechí, Zaragoza, Remedios, Segovia, Murindó and Turbo.

Many of these municipalities coincide with those that both the Electoral Observation Mission (MOE) and the Ombudsman’s Office warned are at extreme and high risk of violence.

The EOM report indicates that 40% of Antioquia is at some type of risk for this problem. That is to say, that of the 125 municipalities of the department, in 50 there is risk and, of these, 14 have an extreme level.

These are: Amalfi, Angostura, Anorí, Briceño, Cáceres, Frontino, Ituango, Murindó, Peque, Remedios, Segovia, Tarazá, Toledo and Valdivia.

“The EOM recommends that authorities make a presence through Electoral Monitoring Commissions, extended to lists and candidates in order to preventively address the situations in these municipalities,” the entity said.

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For its part, the Ombudsman’s Office released Alert 004 of 2022 on February 17, which warns of national risk scenarios in the framework of the electoral process, in which municipalities and non-municipalized areas have been identified in 32 departments with electoral risk mainly due to the incidence of illegal armed groups.

In the case of Antioquia, there are seven municipalities with extreme risk and 28 with high risk. In the first category are: Bello, Medellín, Cáceres, Caucasia, El Bagre, Tarazá and Murindó

This alert also warns about the possibility of carrying out armed stoppages, gun plans, threats, attacks on members of the public force, as well as against people involved in the election “expressions emanating from the social movement, political groups or citizens who are against of illegal armed groups in the territories; victim population in participation in the election of special constituencies, human rights defenders, public officials, ethnic peoples, new political expressions, former FARC combatants”.

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Antioquia was left with 1,200 more tables and 123 new voting positions

Given these and other eventualities that may arise, the Seventh Division of the National Army, which operates in Antioquia, reported that they are advancing in training military personnel in Foundations for Democracy.

“This as a complement to the importance of knowing roles, missions and responsibilities to fulfill in the next electoral days. In addition, a module on Command Responsibility was implemented, ”said the entity.

Despite the early warnings and the risk maps, the authorities expect the number of voters to increase for these elections, due to the changes in the ballot and the increase in the number of polling stations.

“We increased 14,000 polling stations in rural areas in the country, and Antioquia benefited from this, since it was left with 1,200 more tables and 123 new voting positionswhich means that there should be more presence of the State”, specified the National Registrar.

MEDELLIN

Elections 2022: The municipalities of Antioquia at risk of violence - Medellín - Colombia